Abstract
Depression has been considered essentially a psycho-bio, social condition. In this paper, a hypnotic/quantum approach to understanding depression is attempted and parallel or co-thinking is designated as quantum thinking, one of the main sources of depressive cognitions. It is the flexibility of the quantum brain that accounts for cognitive distortions. Hypnosis may involve a spectrum of quantum consciousness and has great research value in uncovering non-biological depression. Like many of the alternate states of consciousness, hypnosis may be a neuro-quantum state. In the earlier part of the 2oth century, Frederic Myers recognised that the middle realm of the unconscious mind is the “hypnotic stratum” and is associated with deep hypnosis. The unconscious is increasingly allied with the quantum and it is time to revise the concept of the Freudian unconscious accordingly. The co-existence of a quantum mechanical body and brain is all the time more recognised now in parasciences. If consciousness is transmitted through rather than actually produced by the brain, depression may have a downward causation rather than an upward causation arguable in biological disorders like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Consciousness-based healing is warranted in the treatment of depression. Whether consciousness is the primary generator of clinical depression or it only contributes to the genesis of depression will continue to be a matter for debate in the foreseeable future.
Highlights
Depression has both biological and cognitive aspects, and which of these two is dominant is a matter of controversy
The multidimensional approach proposed in this paper excludes bipolar depression and secondary depression from the general discussion on non-biological depression (NBD)
He further classified cognitive distortions as follows: a) Arbitrary interference – drawing a conclusion when there is no evidence for it and even some against it; b) Selective abstraction – focusing on a detail and ignoring more important features of a situation; c) Overgeneralisation – drawing a general conclusion on the basis of a single incident; d) Minimisation and magnification – performance is underestimated and errors are overestimated; e) personalisation – referring to patients’ proclivity to relate external events to themselves when there is no basis for making such a connection; f) Absolutistic – dichotomous thinking is manifested in the tendency to place all experiences in one of two opposite categories; for example, flawless or defective, immaculate or filthy, saint or sinner
Summary
Depression has both biological and cognitive aspects, and which of these two is dominant is a matter of controversy. There is no absolute cause for depression and that no single answer should be sought for its amelioration. A multidimensional approach is the most desirable one. The multidimensional approach proposed in this paper excludes bipolar depression and secondary depression from the general discussion on non-biological depression (NBD). The general term ‘depression’ is used here to denote cognitive depression that stems from non-biological causes but has biological correlates. A combined model incorporating cognitive, hypnotherapeutic and quantum views offers a more focused picture of cognitive depression, and the addition of psychodynamic and para-psychodynamic approaches to this dual model explains some of the processes involved in the pathogenesis of depression
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