Abstract
Cerium is a member of the lanthanides, whose [Xe]4f 15d 16s 2 electronic configuration permits its existence in tri- and tetrapositive states. A cerium(IV) solution is obtained by oxidation of Ce(III) species with peroxodisulfate or bismuthate in nitric acid, for example. As a result of the high charge, Ce(IV) ion tends to hydrate, and very frequently coordinates with counterions. This last aspect provides a rationale for the Ce(IV)/Ce(III) potential dependence on the nature of the acid medium. Thus the increase of perchloric acid concentration heightens the oxidation potential. On the other hand, the potential decreases with increasing sulfuric or nitric acid concentration.1 As shown in Table I, Ce(IV) is a very powerful one-equivalent oxidant.
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