Abstract
A series of Cex-V-g-C3N4 catalysts with different cerium content were synthesized by a facile co-assembly method. Compared with pure V-g-C3N4 catalyst, the addition of cerium facilitated the high dispersion of vanadium species as well as the benzene adsorption ability of the corresponding catalysts. Also, the existence of cerium promoted the partial reduction of vanadium species, which improved the redox property of vanadium species as the active centres. The Cex-V-g-C3N4 catalysts showed considerably improved activity in the benzene hydroxylation reaction compared with V-g-C3N4 catalyst. Among the catalysts studied, Ce0.07-0.07 V-g-C3N4 exhibited the best catalytic activity with a benzene conversion of 33.7% and a phenol yield of 32.3% with good structural and catalytic stability, while only 24.7% of benzene conversion and phenol yield of 24.2% were obtained over 0.07 V-g-C3N4.
Highlights
Phenol, as an important chemical intermediate in industry, is widely employed in the synthesis of aniline, resins, plastics, bactericides and agrochemicals [1]
Compared with pure V-g-C3N4 catalyst, the addition of cerium facilitated the high dispersion of vanadium species as well as the benzene adsorption ability of the corresponding catalysts
The existence of cerium promoted the partial reduction of vanadium species, which improved the redox property of vanadium species as the active centres
Summary
As an important chemical intermediate in industry, is widely employed in the synthesis of aniline, resins, plastics, bactericides and agrochemicals [1]. From the view of green chemistry, the direct hydroxylation of benzene to phenol has attracted great interest in the past few decades. Molecular oxygen, nitrous oxide and hydrogen peroxide are three main kinds of oxidants used in the benzene hydroxylation reaction [4,5,6,7]. Molecular oxygen is too stable to be activated mildly, while nitrous oxide is not available in industry. Hydrogen peroxide shows superior properties with the mild reaction condition of benzene oxidation and water as the green by-product
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