Abstract
The present study is contributed to the removal of excess fluoride in drinking water using cerium dispersed in carbon (CeDC), a hybrid sorbent which was prepared by carbonization of ammonium cerium sulfate impregnated starch. One synthesized CeDC sample with a specific surface area of 685cm2g−1 was investigated for its fluoride scavenging ability as the function of pH, fluoride concentration, temperature, co-ions and adsorbent dosage. The verification of various kinetic models viz., Pseudo I, II order; Ritchie II order; Intra-particle diffusion and Elovich gave acceptable results. The isotherm models viz., Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Generalized Langmuir were also checked with the fluoride sorption process. The Langmuir sorption capacity (qm) was found to be 209mgg−1 with a high RL value of 0.699. The maximum fluoride uptake capacity of CeDC was determined to be 52mgg−1 at a pH value of 8.07. The FTIR, SEM and XRD characterization studies were carried out for CeDC material. The successful regeneration of spent CeDC was performed by an alkaline washing followed by an acidic activation. This regeneration allows the use of CeDC in a cost-effective removal of fluoride anions in drinking water.
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