Abstract
The insufficient radiopacity of dental adhesives applied under composite restorations makes the radiographic diagnosis of recurrent caries challenging. Consequently, the misdiagnosis may lead to unnecessary replacement of restorations. The aims of this study were to formulate experimental dental adhesives containing cerium dioxide (CeO2) and investigate the effects of different loadings of CeO2 on their radiopacity and degree of conversion for the first time. CeO2 was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, and laser diffraction for particle size analysis. Experimental dental adhesives were formulated with CeO2 as the inorganic filler with loadings ranging from 0.36 to 5.76 vol.%. The unfilled adhesive was used as a control. The studied adhesives were evaluated for dispersion of CeO2 in the polymerized samples, degree of conversion, and radiopacity. CeO2 presented a monoclinic crystalline phase, peaks related to Ce-O bonding, and an average particle size of around 16 µm. CeO2 was dispersed in the adhesive, and the addition of these particles increased the adhesives’ radiopacity (p < 0.05). There was a significant decrease in the degree of conversion with CeO2 loadings higher than 1.44 vol.%. However, all materials showed a similar degree of conversion in comparison to commercially available adhesives. CeO2 particles were investigated for the first time as a promising compound to improve the radiopacity of the dental adhesives.
Highlights
Resin composites and dental adhesive systems are used in restorative dentistry as primary direct restorative materials [1]
In this in vitro study, CeO2 particles were explored as potential radiopacifier for dental adhesives since high atomic weight and density can provide a suitable level of radiopacity
CeO2 was first chemically characterized by XRD, Raman, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) to be incorporated for the first time in a dental adhesive resin
Summary
Resin composites and dental adhesive systems are used in restorative dentistry as primary direct restorative materials [1]. The failure of resin composites is mainly due to recurrent caries and fractures [2]. The diagnosis of recurrent caries underneath resin composite is a challenge for dentists [3]. Recurrent carious lesions may not always be seen during a clinical examination at the interface between the resin composite, and it requires radiographic evaluation for diagnosis [4,5]. The application of adhesive systems can be seen radiographically as a radiolucent area, which mimics the radiographic appearance of carious lesions [6]. Dentists may intervene surgically in existing composite restorations, replacing the resin [9]
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