Abstract
The decrement of low concentration of fluoride to below standard (< 1 mg/L) is one of the current research hotspots. In this work, reed biochar beads cross-linked with cerium alginate were prepared by the gelation-spheroidization-carbonization method to serve as an efficient fluoride adsorbent. The results of batch adsorption experiments showed that RBM-Ce (dosage of 1 ± 0.01 g/L) could rapidly remove fluoride (concentration of around 10 mg/L) over a wide range of pH 3–9, and showed trace leaching amount of Ce ions during adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity was 34.86 mg/g at normal temperature (20 ℃), and the most consistent curve was Langmuir model in adsorption isotherms. In adsorption kinetics experiments, RBM-Ce showed a rapid adsorption rate capable of treating fluoride under certain standard within 15 min, and the fit was consistent with the pseudo-second order model. The SEM, EDS and XRD characterization indicated that CeO2 nanoparticles was dispersed and immobilized on the surface of biochar beads. From zeta potential, XPS, FTIR and Raman analyses, the adsorption mechanisms included ion exchange, electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding and complexation. All characterization and adsorption experiments pointed to RBM-Ce beads as promising adsorbents for fluoride removal.
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