Abstract
ABSTRACTCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear fluid circulating in the intracranial and spinal compartments. Under normal conditions, the composition of CSF remains constant. However, in various neurological disease especially in acute conditions, the composition, quantity and its pressure can be altered. By measuring the levels of various CSF components using relevant techniques, diagnosis, severity and prognostication of neurological conditions like infections, subarachnoid hemorrhage, demyelinating conditions, tumor like conditions, etc. can be done. In this review, alterations in CSF components and its relevance to the emergency care physician to help in the management of patients are enumerated.How to cite this articleHrishi AP, Sethuraman M. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Analysis and Interpretation in Neurocritical Care for Acute Neurological Conditions. Indian J Crit Care Med 2019;23(Suppl 2):S115–S119.
Highlights
Cerebrospinal fluid is a clear fluid which is formed as a ultra filtrate of plasma
In patients with seizures suspected to be due to certain metabolic illness, a fasting lumbar puncture (LP) is taken for Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis
Micro RNA, miR-218 depletion in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) spinal cord tissue is likely due to motor neurons loss because miR-218 levels are mostly maintained within the surviving motor neurons. miR-218 release is related to motor neurons dysfunction and death and occurs in both animal and human models of motor neurons loss and disease.[18]
Summary
CSF is present in both the intracranial and spinal compartments. CSF is produced at a rate of 0.2–0.7 mL per minute or 500–700 mL per day.[1] The main function of the CSF is to reduce buoyancy of the brain. It supplies nutrients as well as helps in removal of various substances like amino acids, neurotransmitters, metabolic byproducts and cells. In disease conditions the composition and pressure of CSF can be altered. CSF analysis is useful in various acute neurological conditions and helps in rapid diagnosis of the conditions and initiate therapeutic measures. Lumbar puncture and drainage of can be a therapeutic measure .[3]
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