Abstract
Chilling tolerance was increased in seed germination and root growth of wheat seedlings grown in media containing 20 µg/mL cerebroside C (CC), isolated from the endophytic Phyllosticta sp. TG78. Seeds treated with 20 µg/mL CC at 4°C expressed the higher germination rate (77.78%), potential (23.46%), index (3.44) and the shorter germination time (6.19 d); root growth was also significantly improved by 13.76% in length, 13.44% in fresh weight and 6.88% in dry mass compared to controls. During the cultivation process at 4°C for three days and the followed 24 h at 25°C, lipid peroxidation, expressed by malondialdehyde (MDA) content and relative membrane permeability (RMP) was significantly reduced in CC-treated roots; activities of lipoxygenase (LOX), phospholipid C (PLC) and phospholipid D (PLD) were inhibited by 13.62–62.26%, 13.54–63.93% and 13.90–61.17%, respectively; unsaturation degree of fatty acids was enhanced through detecting the contents of CC-induced linoleic acid, linolenic acid, palmitic acid and stearic acid using GC-MS; capacities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were individually increased by 7.69–46.06%, 3.37–37.96%, and −7.00–178.07%. These results suggest that increased chilling tolerance may be due, in part, to the reduction of lipid peroxidation and alternation of lipid composition of roots in the presence of CC.
Highlights
Low temperature, an important environmental factor, constitutes one of the major yield and quality limitations to cereal productivity [1] and causes much injury in plants at the cellular level involving changes in malondialdehyde (MDA) content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation [2], membrane lipids composition and increases in activities of oxygen-scavenging enzymes [3] during the process of cold acclimation
germination rate (GR), germination potential (GP), germination index (GI) and mean germination time (MGT) peaked at 20 mg/mL of cerebroside C (CC) (77.78%, 23.46%, 3.44, and 6.19 d, respectively) with significant difference from controls
Previous studies have demonstrated that cerebrosides isolated from a range of fungal pathogens including Fusarium oxysporum, Pythium sp. and Botrytis sp. possessed potent elicitor activity [21]
Summary
An important environmental factor, constitutes one of the major yield and quality limitations to cereal productivity [1] and causes much injury in plants at the cellular level involving changes in malondialdehyde (MDA) content, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation [2], membrane lipids composition and increases in activities of oxygen-scavenging enzymes [3] during the process of cold acclimation. The increase in the proportion of unsaturated species of phosphatidylcholine and the degree of fatty acid unsaturation in the plasma membrane has a vital role in chilling tolerance [5,6]. Changes in the structure and function of the plasma membrane were considered to be crucial for the manipulation of tissues metabolic processes inside the cell and even for the growth of plants under cold stress. There is an urgent need to discover cryoprotectant substances to protect cell membrane and to minimize coldinduced membrane rupture for altering crop growth and improving plants productivity under cold stress
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