Cerebral hemodynamic effects of head-up CPR in a porcine model

Abstract

AimTo assess the hemodynamic effects of head elevation on cerebral perfusion during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in a porcine model of cardiac arrest. MethodsVF was induced in eight 65 kg pigs that were treated with CPR after five minutes of no flow. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured at the descending thoracic aorta. Internal carotid artery blood flow (CBF) was measured with an ultrasound probe. Cerebral perfusion pressure (CerPP) was calculated in two ways (CerPPICAP and CerPPreported) using the same intracranial pressure (ICP) measurement. CePPreported was calculated as MAP-ICP. CerPPICAP was calculated by using intracranial arterial pressure (ICAP) – ICP. The animals were switched between head up (HUP) and supine (SUP) CPR every five minutes for a total of twenty minutes of resuscitation. ResultsMAP and coronary perfusion pressure measurements were similar in both CPR positions (p = 0.36 and p = 0.1, respectively). ICP was significantly lower in the HUP CPR group (14.7 ± 1 mm Hg vs 26.9 ± 1 mm Hg, p < 0.001) as was ICAP (30.1 ± 2 mm Hg vs 42.6 ± 1 mmHg, p < 0.001). The proportional decrease in ICP and ICAP resulted in similar CerPPICAP comparing HUP and SUPCPR (p = 0.7). CBF was significantly lower during HUPCPR when compared to SUPCPR (58.5 ± 3 ml/min vs 78 ± 4 ml/min, p < 0.001). A higher CerPPreported was found during the HUP compared to SUP-CPR, when MAP was used (36.6 ± 2 mm Hg vs 23 ± 2 mm Hg, p < 0.001) without correcting for the hydrostatic pressure drop. ConclusionHUP did not affect cerebral perfusion pressure and it significantly decreased internal carotid blood flow.