Cerebral Fat Embolism After a Fall

Abstract

BackgroundCerebral fat embolism is a rare diagnosis that can occur after significant long bone trauma. Most patients have evidence of pulmonary involvement, but this case involved a patient with a pure neurologic manifestation of a fat embolism. Case ReportAn 89-year-old woman presented to the emergency department as a transfer from an outside hospital with a diagnosis of air embolism after an episode of altered mental status and expressive aphasia. A secondary review of the patient's computed tomography angiography head imaging uncovered a cerebral fat embolism as the cause of the patient's acute neurologic event. The cerebral fat embolism was likely from a remote sacral fracture 6 weeks prior. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This?When a patient presents with a concern for a stroke-like symptoms and a cerebral fat embolism is diagnosed, a thorough examination of the patient must be performed to identify the primary fracture site. Geriatric long bone fractures have well-known significant morbidity and mortality. An associated cerebral fat embolism can increase that mortality and morbidity and prompt diagnosis is important.