Abstract
In this study, we quantified perfusion deficits using dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging (DSC-MRI) with an extravasating contrast agent (CA). We also investigated the efficacy of leakage compensation from CA pre-load in brains from post-ischemic rat models without significant dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI)-derived vessel wall permeability. DSC measurements were obtained using fast (0.3 s) echo-planar imaging in both normal rats and rats with transient middle carotid artery occlusion (MCAO) (1-h MCAO, 24-h reperfusion) after successive administrations of gadoterate meglumine (Dotarem) and intravascular superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION). The relative cerebral blood volume (CBV) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) values acquired using Dotarem were significantly underestimated (~20%) when compared to those acquired using SPION in ipsilesional post-ischemic brain regions. A slight overestimation of relative mean transit time was observed. Areas with underestimated CBV and CBF values from the corresponding error maps encompassed the area of infarcted tissue (apparent diffusion coefficient < 500 μm2/s) and mostly coincided with the area wherein conspicuous longitudinal relaxation time differences were observed pre- vs. post-injection of Dotarem. The DSC measurements with significant pre-load (0.3 mmol·kg-1) of Dotarem displayed minimal perfusion deficits when compared to those determined using the reference intravascular SPION.
Highlights
Post-ischemic reperfusion measurements in small animal models provide useful information for the optimization of intervention therapies and the evaluation of prognostic assessments [1,2]
Significant perfusion deficits were present in dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging (DSC-MRI) data obtained using fast (0.3 s) echo-planar imaging (EPI) acquisition, even in brains of post-ischemic rats (1-h MCA0, 24-h reperfusion) with insignificant permeability (Ktrans) values obtained using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) with gadolinium chelates administered at the conventional dose of 0.1 mmolÁkg-1
Even though it is difficult to separate the effects of T1 shortening and susceptibility contrast changes from those of leaking contrast agent (CA) on dynamic susceptibility (DSC)-MRI-derived perfusion deficits, fast EPI acquisition will be inevitably affected by T1 shortening due to the leaky vessels
Summary
Post-ischemic reperfusion measurements in small animal models provide useful information for the optimization of intervention therapies and the evaluation of prognostic assessments [1,2]. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript
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