Abstract

Heart failure is associated with low cardiac output (CO) and low brain perfusion that imposes a significant risk for accelerated brain ageing and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) development. Although clinical heart failure can emerge several years following acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the impact of AMI on cerebral blood flow (CBF) at early stages and up to 30 days following MI is unknown. Sixteen months old male mice underwent left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation. Hemodynamics analyses were performed at baseline and at days 1, 7, and 30 post-MI. Left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF), LV volumes, CO, and right common carotid artery (RCCA) diameter were recorded by echocardiography. RCCA flow (RCCA FL) was measured by Doppler echocardiography. LV volumes consistently increased (P<0.0012) and LV systolic function progressively deteriorated (P<0.0001) post-MI. CO and RCCA FL showed a moderate but significant decrease over the course of MI with similar fluctuation pattern such that both variables were decreased at day 1, increased at day 7, and decreased at 30 days post-MI. Correlation and regression analyses between CO and RCCA FL showed a strong correlation with significance at baseline and day 30 post-MI (R = 0.71, P=0.03, and R = 0.72, P=0.03, respectively). Days 1 and 7 analyses between CO and RCCA FL showed moderate correlation with non-significance post-MI (R = 0.51, P=0.2, and R = 0.56, P=0.12, respectively). In summary, CBF significantly decreased following AMI and remained significantly decreased for up to 30 days, suggesting a potential risk for brain damage that could contribute to cognitive dysfunction later in life.

Highlights

  • Appropriate tissue blood perfusion is necessary for normal organ functions and is dependent on several factors including cardiac output (CO), blood volume, systemic blood pressure (BP), and local vasculature autoregulation, all of which positively depend on metabolic demand [1,2]

  • Left ventricular (LV) remodeling was evidenced by consistently increasing LV volumes (R = 0.99, R2 = 0.98, P

  • We investigated the impact of impaired LV systolic function on brain perfusion and measured the right common carotid artery (RCCA) RCCA flow (FL) via Doppler echocardiography

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Summary

Introduction

Appropriate tissue blood perfusion is necessary for normal organ functions and is dependent on several factors including cardiac output (CO), blood volume, systemic blood pressure (BP), and local vasculature autoregulation, all of which positively depend on metabolic demand [1,2]. Each carotid artery supplies approximately 40% to the total cerebral perfusion, while the two vertebral arteries supply the remaining 20% [5]. CO and mean arterial pressure (MAP) are interrelated hemodynamic parameters that could exert simultaneous effects on CBF [4], multiple studies have revealed that the strongest correlation with CBF belonged to CO, especially in conditions with low c 2018 The Author(s).

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