Abstract
In this study, new multilayer TiAl-based composites were developed and characterized. The materials were produced by spark plasma sintering (SPS) of elemental Ti and Al foils and ceramic particles (TiB2 and TiC) at 1250 °C. The matrix of the composites consisted of α2-TiAl and γ-TiAl lamellas and reinforcing ceramic layers. Formation of the α2 + γ structure, which occurred via a number of solid–liquid and solid–solid reactions and intermediate phases, was characterized by in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis. The combination of X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis revealed that an interaction of TiC with Ti and Al led to the formation of a Ti2AlC Mn+1AXn (MAX) phase. No chemical reactions between TiB2 and the matrix elements were observed. The microhardness, compressive strength, and creep behavior of the composites were measured to estimate their mechanical properties. The orientation of the layers with respect to the direction of the load affected the compressive strength and creep behavior of TiC-reinforced composites. The compressive strength of samples loaded in the perpendicular direction to layers was higher; however, the creep resistance was better for composites loaded in the longitudinal direction. The microhardness of the composites correlated with the microhardness of reinforcing components.
Highlights
The development of new materials for gas turbine engines is currently one of the key areas in the field of power and airspace engineering
The aim of this study is to investigate the phase transformations that occur during synthesis of the this study is to investigate the phase transformations intermetallic ofof the structure and properties of intermetallic phases phasesfrom fromthe theelemental elementalfoils foilsand andthe thecharacterization characterization the structure and properties the produced ceramic-particle-reinforced γ-TiAl-based composites
Observation of the Structural Transformations in the Ti–Al System Using in Situ Synchrotron
Summary
The development of new materials for gas turbine engines is currently one of the key areas in the field of power and airspace engineering. The traditional materials for application in this field are iron–nickel and cobalt-based alloys, which are famous due to their high oxidation resistance, high-temperature strength, and good creep characteristics [1]. The main disadvantage of these materials is their high density. An efficient way to decrease the weight of structural elements for aircraft applications consists in the replacement of heavy alloys by intermetallics that contain aluminum. Nickel aluminide (Ni3 Al) is a good example of such a compound that could be used for high-temperature applications [2]. Ni3 Al-based superalloys are recommended for the fabrication of gas turbine engines running in the temperature range between 800 and 1000 ◦ C.
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