Abstract
To reduce the emission of radioactive waste water and reuse high-value 10B-rich nuclear-grade boric acid from a nuclear power plant, a two-step membrane process was proposed based on the combination of two types of ceramic membranes. First, a ceramic nanofiltration membrane was used to purify the boric acid by removing the nuclide. Then, the purified boric acid solution was concentrated by a vacuum membrane distillation process based on a hydrophobic ceramic membrane. The operating parameters of both membrane processes were systematically discussed and optimized. In the nanofiltration process, the retention rates of Co2+ and Ag+ ions were approximately 99.2% and 75.8%, respectively, and the permeation flux was stable at approximately 178 L m−2 h−1. When a two-stage NF process was implemented, the removal of Co2+ ions was higher than 99.9%, and the removal of Ag+ ions was greater than 95%. In the membrane distillation process, the boric acid was concentrated from 1 to 107 g L−1. Meanwhile, the permeation flux was maintained above 20 L m−2 h−1, and the retention rate of boric acid was maintained at a high level (>99.9%) throughout the entire enrichment process. The hybrid membrane processes are suitable candidates for the purification and recycling of boric acid from radioactive waste water.
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