Abstract
AbstractGas separation in dense ceramic membranes is driven by the partial pressure gradient across the membrane. The mixed conducting materials most commonly used are single‐phase perovskites or fluorites. In recent years, the development of dual‐phase systems combining a mixed ion‐conducting and electron‐conducting phase has increased. The advantage is that a larger number of very stable materials systems is available. The membrane designs currently used include planar, tubular, hollow‐fiber, and honeycomb membranes. Each of these designs has specific advantages and disadvantages, depending on the application. Innovative joining concepts are also often needed due to the high temperatures involved. These usually involve the use of glass‐ceramic sealants or reactive metal brazes. Applications focus either on the separation of gases alone, i.e., the supply of oxygen or hydrogen, or on membrane reactors. In membrane reactors, a chemical reaction occurs on one or both sides of the membrane in addition to gas separation. The supply of gases is of potential interest for power plants, for the cement, steel, and glass industries, for the medical sector, and for mobile applications. Membrane reactors can be used to produce base chemicals or synthetic fuels.
Highlights
IntroductionCeramic membranes are used to separate gases from gas mixtures or to produce chemicals (e.g., syngas, base chemicals, or synthetic energy carriers) in situ within membrane reactors [1]
Ceramic membranes are used to separate gases from gas mixtures or to produce chemicals in situ within membrane reactors [1]
Since the availability of renewable energy is currently soaring, there is urgent demand for flexible energy storage options and methods for synthesizing chemical energy carriers. These energy carriers can be produced by means of ceramic gas separation membranes in the form of membrane reactors and can subsequently be converted back into energy using existing infrastructure
Summary
Ceramic membranes are used to separate gases from gas mixtures or to produce chemicals (e.g., syngas, base chemicals, or synthetic energy carriers) in situ within membrane reactors [1]. Since the availability of renewable energy is currently soaring, there is urgent demand for flexible energy storage options and methods for synthesizing chemical energy carriers These energy carriers can be produced by means of ceramic gas separation membranes in the form of membrane reactors and can subsequently be converted back into energy using existing infrastructure. In contrast to microporous membranes, material separation in dense ion-conducting ceramic membranes is based on diffusion processes. These involve the movement of ions through the crystal lattice. These materials must exhibit chemical stability in oxidizing or strongly reducing conditions, and often in atmospheres containing H2S/SOx, COx, or NOx
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