Abstract
Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are essential to the IoT vision. WSNs implement a virtual layer that can gather data about the real world. WSNs are composed of wireless battery powered devices that can have heterogeneous features related to computational power, memory, and communication capabilities. Because devices are battery powered, gathering data in an energy efficient way is crucial for the lifespan of the network. Clustering is a reasonable solution. This organises the devices into sets (clusters). Each cluster has a cluster head (CH) that gathers data from the nodes belonging to its cluster and communicates with other CHs in order to report data to a centralised base station (BS). This is usually achieved via a CH routing tree that is rooted at the BS. Beside clustering, the rotation in the role of CHs amongst the nodes of the network is a standard means to better distribute energy consumption. In this paper we propose a novel approach (CER-CH) where the CH routing tree definition and the CH rotation are combined together. More precisely, starting from any clustering criteria, we propose a novel rotation heuristic combined with a novel top-down CH routing tree definition in order to balance the node energy consumption and generate more energy efficient CH routing trees. Our experiments show that our rotation strategy enhances on average the network lifespan of 20% when compared to the state of art protocols.
Highlights
Internet-of-Things (IoT) is one of the modern technological revolutions that allows communication amongst a variety of different devices
Any clustering algorithm that produces a cluster head (CH) per cluster can be used
A novel rotation heuristic is combined with a novel top-down CH routing tree definition in order to balance the node energy consumption and generate more energy efficient routing trees
Summary
Internet-of-Things (IoT) is one of the modern technological revolutions that allows communication amongst a variety of different devices. We implement well-known approaches for routing information amongst CHs, we use various WSN settings and a widely accepted energy model These settings are used to compare all protocols by considering the first node die lifetime measure. The rest of the paper is organised as follows: Section II describes the network and the energy models; Section III formalises two routing approaches which can be used to route data amongst CHs; Section IV recalls REECHD clustering protocol; Section V introduces our novel approach; Section VI describes the simulation settings and the collected results; Section VII discusses our simulation results; Section VIII reviews the state of art of routing and clustering for homogeneous and heterogeneous WSNs; Section IX concludes the article and outlines future work
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