Cephalometric Patterns on Javanese, Bataks and Chinese Students in Jakarta

Abstract

In 2000 a cephalometric survey has been done on both genders of Javanese, Bataks and Chinese students at the University of Indonesia (UI), the Indonesian Christian University (UKI) and the Christian University of Jakarta (UKRIDA) with the aim to detect their cephalometric characteristics patterns and the degree of their secular changes with their ancestors. Cephalometric parameters were measured as follows: the maximal head length (glabellaopisthocranion), the maximal head breadth (euryon-euryon), the minimal forehead breadth (frontotemporalefrontotemporale), the morphological facial height (suborbitale-gnathion), the bizygomatic breadth (zygion-zygion) and the bi-gonion breadth (gonion gonion). In addition measurements were done on facial soft tissue factors such as the nasal height (suborbitale-subnasale) the nasal breadth (alare-alare), the ear length (superaurale-subaurale) and the ear breadth (preaurale-postaurale). The results were treated statistically using t test to obtain the degree of significance. It was determined that some cephalometric characteristics have undergone secular changes but both genders of Bataks, Javanese and Chinese students seemed to depict their retainment of their respective ancestors cephalometric characteristics, consequently their cephalometric characteristic differences were still detectable.