Abstract
ABSTRACTObjective: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the cephalometric and occlusal changes of orthodontically treated Class III malocclusion patients. Methods: The experimental groups comprised 37 Class III patients treated: G1) without (n=19) and G2) with extractions (n=18) . The control group (G3), matched by age and sex with the experimental groups, consisted of 18 subjects with untreated Class III malocclusion. Cephalometric (radiographs) and occlusal (study models) changes were assessed between the beginning (T1) and the end (T2) of treatment. Intergroup comparisons were performed with one-way ANOVA followed by Kruskal-Wallis tests (p< 0.05). Occlusal changes were evaluated by the peer assessment rating (PAR) index (ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests), and the treatment outcomes were evaluated by the Objective Grading System (OGS) (t-tests). Results: The experimental groups showed a restrictive effect on mandibular anterior displacement and a discrete improvement in the maxillomandibular relationship. Extraction treatment resulted in a greater retrusive movement of the incisors and significant improvements in the overjet and molar relationship in both groups. The PAR indexes were significantly reduced with treatment, and the OGS scores were 25.6 (G1) and 28.6 (G2), with no significant intergroup difference. Conclusions: Orthodontic treatment of Class III malocclusion patients with fixed appliances improved the sagittal relationships, with greater incisor retrusion in the extraction group. Both the extraction and non-extraction treatments significantly decreased the initial malocclusion severity, with adequate and similar occlusal outcomes of treatment.
Highlights
Class III malocclusion is a controversial subject among researchers concerning diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment, especially because of the unpredictable and potentially unfavorable nature of mandibular growth
The treatment approaches may consist of fixed appliances associated with Class III elastics[3,4,5] for dentoalveolar compensation, with or without extractions.[6,7,8]
The main effects of various approaches used in Class III malocclusion treatment are: maxillomandibular relationship and facial esthetics improvements, increase in lower anterior face height, protrusion of maxillary incisors, retroclination of mandibular incisors, correction of overbite, overjet and molar relationship.[3,4,5,6,8,10,11]
Summary
Class III malocclusion is a controversial subject among researchers concerning diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment, especially because of the unpredictable and potentially unfavorable nature of mandibular growth. Studies described the dentofacial changes induced by orthopedic Class III treatment.[1,2] except case reports, only a few have studied fixed appliances treatment changes in Class III malocclusion patients. The main effects of various approaches used in Class III malocclusion treatment are: maxillomandibular relationship and facial esthetics improvements, increase in lower anterior face height, protrusion of maxillary incisors, retroclination of mandibular incisors, correction of overbite, overjet and molar relationship.[3,4,5,6,8,10,11] The treatment can be performed without extractions[10] or with different extraction protocols.[11,12,13,14]
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