Abstract
Citrus fruit juices are beneficial to health immunity due to having antiviral, antifungal, and antioxidant properties. However, acceptability of its juices reduces due to the delayed bitterness caused mainly by the biomolecule limonin. Hence, continuous monitoring of limonin in juices is required to keep its limit within permissible level. Here, CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) based capacitive sensor has been introduced for the first time to quantify limonin concentration in citrus limetta juice. The CeO2NPs were synthesized through a low-cost and eco-friendly method using Dillenia Indica aqueous extract. The capacitive sensor was designed and simulated using COMSOL multiphysics and fabricated by drop coating of CeO2NPs on interdigitated electrode (IDE) structure patterned on paper substrate. The sensor exhibits an excellent sensitivity of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 9.62 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\pm 0.095 \mu \text{F}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> /ppm and a fast response time of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sim $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 13 s. The sensor’s performance was validated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The developed sensor assures easy, on-site, eco-friendly, and rapid monitoring of limonin level in citrus juices.
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