Abstract
The development of advanced composite biomaterials combining the versatility and biodegradability of polymers and the unique characteristics of metal oxide nanoparticles unveils new horizons in emerging biomedical applications, including tissue regeneration, drug delivery and gene therapy, theranostics and medical imaging. Nanocrystalline cerium(IV) oxide, or nanoceria, stands out from a crowd of other metal oxides as being a truly unique material, showing great potential in biomedicine due to its low systemic toxicity and numerous beneficial effects on living systems. The combination of nanoceria with new generations of biomedical polymers, such as PolyHEMA (poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-based hydrogels, electrospun nanofibrous polycaprolactone or natural-based chitosan or cellulose, helps to expand the prospective area of applications by facilitating their bioavailability and averting potential negative effects. This review describes recent advances in biomedical polymeric material practices, highlights up-to-the-minute cerium oxide nanoparticle applications, as well as polymer-nanoceria composites, and aims to address the question: how can nanoceria enhance the biomedical potential of modern polymeric materials?
Highlights
Polymeric Materials for Biomedical ApplicationsPolymeric materials have become extremely widespread in various biomedical applications (see Figure 1)
Cerium oxide nanoparticles are considered one of the most promising metal oxide nanobiomaterials [19,20,21,22]: pristine or ligand-stabilized CeNPs are well-known therapeutic agents in regenerative medicine [19,20,21,22] and tissue engineering [22]; they stimulate the proliferation of cells in vitro [21,23,24] and accelerate the healing of lesions in vivo [25], reshaping perspectives for wound therapy [26,27]
The authors have attempted to summarize the current state of the art and prospects for the use of cerium oxide nanoparticles in advanced polymer composites for biomedical applications
Summary
Polymeric materials have become extremely widespread in various biomedical applications (see Figure 1). Polymeric compositions for cutaneous use and tissue engineering usually contain polymers of a “natural” type-alginate, gelatin, agar-agar, collagen, pectin, chitin and chitosan Due to their biocompatibility with human tissue, low toxicity, the ability to enhance regenerative processes during wound healing and biodegradability, these natural biopolymers are of particular interest for medicine. Possible sources of the problem can be associated with the use of synthetic biomaterials that tend to have excessive stability in the body (e.g., suture threads or drug carriers) and low biodegradation rate. Some of these problems can be overcome using organic-inorganic composites, multiphase materials where one phase, called the filler, is dispersed in a second continuous phase, called the matrix. Such material combinations combine the advantages exhibited by each component of the material [7,8]
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