Abstract
It was observed that liquefaction induced by earthquake causes series damages to buildings and threatens the people and their properties. From the past studies, a number of countermeasures were proposed to reduce the build-up of excess pore water pressure and to enhance the stiffness of the soil during earthquake. The vertical drain systems are well known methods and used as remediation against earthquake-induced soil liquefaction for many years. The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of different vertical drain systems for the liquefiable soil by centrifuge modeling technique. The seismic behavior of liquefiable soil was performed firstly. The free field soil models were then prepared with alternatively arranged drain-belts and gravel-pile drains to investigate the effect of different vertical drain systems on the liquefiable soil. Several arrays of accelerometers, the pore water pressure transducers and displacement transducers were placed to monitor the shear wave propagation, the excitation and dissipation of pore water pressure. Displacement transducers were placed to measure the ground surface settlement. From the test results, it was observed that the vertical drain systems reduce the settlement and excess pore water pressure significantly. In the future, the vertical systems will be applied around the structure and the test results would give engineers suggestions to deal with the arrangements of drain-belts and gravel drains to reduce the damage during and after the earthquake.
Highlights
Liquefaction is one of most common and damage phenomena induced by strong earthquake or other rapid loading which normally subject to lose saturated soil
On the major concerns for engineers, the prevention of those damage in seismically active regions is essential to research; besides, drainage methods are well known as liquefaction remediation that have been studied for several years and have traditionally included stone columns, gravel drains [6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14] or geosynthetic material drains
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of different vertical drain systems on the liquefiable soil to deal with the arrangements of drain-belts and sand pile drains for reduction of the settlement during and after the earthquake by installation of several accelerometers, pore water pressure transducers, and displacement transducers into model to detect the shear wave propagation, the excitation of pore water pressure, and the settlement of liquefiable soil ground
Summary
Liquefaction is one of most common and damage phenomena induced by strong earthquake or other rapid loading which normally subject to lose saturated soil. For large soil areas with liquefiable deposits extending deep below the surface, soil replacement or densification is not an option [6] Vertical drain such as stone columns would be well-known as less invasive and the most effective technique in this point and possibly have extraordinary advantages of densification, reinforcement, and increased drainage [15,16,17] and the gravel drain technique was approached for the Technical Development Award of the Civil Engineering Society of Japan in 1985 [18, 19]. In order to clarify effect of the countermeasure for liquefaction problem and the associated damages such as reducing the buildup of excess pore water pressures or expedite excess pore water pressure dissipation, three centrifuge shaking table tests were performed those are free field soil samples without and with annularity arranged belt drains with. Reduction of exceed pore water pressure or of liquefaction duration might lead to have 20 % to 50 % improvement in the vertical settlements and that was likely benefit comparing with non-treated areas
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