Abstract
Summary For the first time, centres of dispersal in the sense of De Lattin (1957) have been analysed for South and Central America. According to the results of this analysis, at least 40 centres have to be considered, the situation of which has been influenced by quaternary climatic fluctuations and vegetation fluctuations. The latest rate of differentiation of the faunal elements, which have to be associated with the centres (subspecific level) can be understood for a temporary indicator of the last function of the centres in the sense of centres of preservation of faunas and floras during regressive phases. The isolation of the montane forest centres occured before that of most of the lowland forest centres of the central and northern part of South America. During a postglacial arid phase, there has been a gene flow, via open migration roads, between numerous Amazonian Hylea‐Campo populations and populations of the costal savanna of Guiana, Venezuela and the Campo Cerrados. At the same time, these migra...
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