Abstract

Central Asia may refer to the five former Soviet Republics that lie between Russia, China, and the Caspian Sea, the six independent nations of the region if Afghanistan is included, and, in its broadest definition, the wider interior of Eurasia, including formerly independent territories and peoples that now constitute northwestern China such as the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. This entry will focus primarily on the territories that were annexed by the Russian empire in the nineteenth century and transformed by Soviet nationalities policy during the twentieth century. The article contains a brief discussion of the pre‐Soviet history of the region, the delimitation of contemporary national boundaries under Soviet nationalities policy, and the legacy of these combined periods in the contemporary countries of Central Asia.

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