Central venous cutdown in neonates: Feasibility as a bedside procedure without general anesthesia

Abstract

Background/PurposeA silicone central venous catheter (CVC) is usually inserted using a percutaneous technique under general anesthesia. However, there are numerous reports on the postoperative adverse effects of general anesthesia in neonates. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of open surgical cutdown (OSC) for central venous access without general anesthesia. MethodsThe medical records of patients who underwent OSC at bedside under sedation and local anesthesia were reviewed. Chloral hydrate (100mg/kg) was given orally for the induction of moderate to deep sedation 15minutes before OSC; then the operative field was infiltrated with 1% lidocaine. When adequate sedation was not achieved, a bolus of phenobarbital (20mg/kg) was given intravenously. ResultsThirteen Broviac lines were inserted into 12 patients. At insertion, the median gestational age was 29weeks, birth weight was 1,140g and age was 33days. No patients required invasive ventilator care; 7 patients received nasal non-invasive ventilator care. Neither intubation nor inotropics were required during the intra- or postoperative period and no perioperative surgical complications occurred. The median catheter duration was 19.5days. ConclusionOSC at bedside for CVC insertion, using adequate sedation and local anesthesia, is a feasible procedure in neonates.