Central venous catheter occlusion: a prospective, controlled trial examining the impact of a positive-pressure valve device.

Abstract

Central venous catheter (CVC) occlusion occurs frequently in children. This problem is often associated with disruption of intravascular therapy and monitoring. Multiple factors may predispose to catheter occlusion, but reflux of blood into the catheter lumen is a common factor. We hypothesized that use of a positive pressure valve device would reduce the incidence of catheter occlusion. In phase I of this sequential study design, newly placed CVCs were capped with a standard device. In Phase II, CVCs were capped with a positive-pressure valve device. Data collected included patient demographics, type of catheter, infusate, catheter duration, and complications. Partial and complete catheter occlusions were delineated. A user satisfaction survey was conducted. There were 153 children (mean age 48.0 +/- 7.7 months) with 312 CVC lumens enrolled in the study. Mean catheter duration was 9.4 +/- 0.9 days. There were fewer complete occlusions in CVCs capped with the positive pressure valve device than with the standard device [6/161 (3.7%) vs 18/151 (11.9%) occlusions, respectively; p = .012)]. There were no significant differences in partial occlusions, phlebitis, or catheter-related bloodstream infection between the 2 groups. CVCs with a positive-pressure valve cap device have a lower incidence of complete catheter occlusion than those with a standard cap device.