Central venous catheter infection in haemophiliacs undergoing prophylaxis or immune tolerance with clotting factor concentrate.

Abstract

The risk of infection in individuals with haemophilia using central vascular access devices for administration of clotting factor concentrates for prophylaxis or immune tolerance is unknown. We conducted a survey of US haemophilia treatment centres to determine the incidence and clinical characteristics of infection associated with the use of central venous catheters. Seventy (38.3%) of 183 patients using central lines developed device-associated infection, including 30 (28.0%) on prophylaxis and 40 (52.6%) on immune tolerance, P < 0.005. Over half (54.8%) the infections occurred in those 3 years of age. Implanted/tunnelled devices (port catheters) were more likely to become infected in the first 30 days after insertion, 11 of 41 (26.8%), than external catheters (broviac/hickman), none of 29 (0%), P= 0.00003. The median time to infection from initial device placement, 124 days, varied with age, 57 days in those 2 years of age vs. 161 days in those > 2 years of age, P= 0.0008, but not with type of device or treatment. Staphylococcal infections were more common with implanted devices (ports), 30 (73.2%), than external catheters, 12 (41.4%), P < 0.01, and Gram-negative infections were more common with external catheters, 17 (58.6%), than tunnelled devices, 7 (17.1%), P < 0.005. In summary, the rate of infection with central venous access devices in haemophiliacs is high, and alternative approaches to venous access should be explored.