Abstract
The mirid bug Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür), a polyphagous pest, is dependent on olfactory cues to locate various host plant species and mates. In this study, we traced the projection pathway of the antennal sensory neurons and visualized their projection patterns in the central nervous system of A. lucorum through confocal microscopy and digital reconstructions. We also examined the glomerular organization of the primary olfactory center of the brain, the antennal lobe, and created a three-dimensional model of the glomeruli. We found that the axons of the sensory neurons project into the brain via the ipsilateral antennal nerve, and descend further into the gnathal ganglion, prothoracic ganglion, mesothoracic ganglion, and metathoracic ganglion, and reach as far as to the abdominal ganglion. Such a projection pattern indicates that antennal sensory neurons of A. lucorum may be potentially directly connected to motor neurons. The antennal lobe, however, is the major target area of antennal sensory neurons. The antennal lobe is composed of a large number of glomeruli, i.e. 70–80 glomeruli in one AL of A. lucorum. The results of this study which provide information about the basic anatomical arrangement of the brain olfactory center of A. lucorum, are important for further investigations of chemosensory encoding mechanisms of the mirid bug.
Highlights
The mirid bug Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür.) (Heteroptera:Miridae) is a polyphagous pest, feeding on about 200 different plant species, including cotton, cereals, vegetables, and fruit trees [1, 2]
The central nervous system (CNS) of A. lucorum is composed of the brain and the ventral nerve cord (Fig 1A and 1B)
The ventral nerve cord which is situated under the esophagus, is formed by the gnathal ganglion (GNG), prothoracic ganglion, and posterior ganglion (PG) (Fig 1B)
Summary
The mirid bug Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür.) (Heteroptera:Miridae) is a polyphagous pest, feeding on about 200 different plant species, including cotton, cereals, vegetables, and fruit trees [1, 2]. Outbreak of A. lucorum occurred in China during the previous decade, which was facilitated by the long-term wide-scale adoption of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis cotton [3]. Antennal Sensory Neurons in Central Nervous System of A. lucorum
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