Central Nervous System tumor at “Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah” General Hospital, Denpasar: An epidemiological study between 2020-2022

Abstract

Background. Central Nervous System (CNS) tumor is neoplasm that located in central nervous system, which include brain and medulla spinalis. Despite its significant raise of incidence and morbidities, limited epidemiological data was available. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristic of CNS tumor over a 3-year period in a single tertiary hospital in Bali, Indonesia. Methods. This study was a descriptive study with cross sectional design. This study included all patients aged 18 year or over who were histopathologically diagnosed with central nervous tumor at “Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah General Hospital”, Denpasar, between January 2020 and December 2022. Data about age, gender, tumor location, histopathological type, tumor grading, and source of metastases in secondary CNS tumor were obtained from medical record. Result. A total of 221 cases were recorded during this study period. The prevalence of primary CNS tumor was 81.9% while secondary CNS tumor was 18.1%. The majority of case, both in primary and secondary CNS tumor were female in age group of 50-59. Supratentorial constituted the most common lesion site in primary and secondary CNS tumor. The most frequent histopathological type of primary CNS tumor was meningioma, making up 48.1% of cases, followed by diffuse astrocytic and oligodendroglial tumors (26.5%), and tumor of the cranial and paraspinal nerve (9.9%). Carcinoma is the most common histological type in secondary CNS tumor with lung and breast tumor being the majority source of secondary CNS tumor, found in 40% and 27.5%, respectively. Conclusion. Adult female with age of 50-59 is the most affected group in CNS tumor. Primary CNS tumor were commonly found in supratentorial with meningioma and WHO grade I being the most frequent histopathological type and grade. Secondary CNS tumor were mostly found in supratentorial and originated from primary lung tumor.