Central nervous system is involved in the cardiovascular responses to naloxone in canine endotoxic but not hemorrhagic shock

Abstract

We used naloxone to investigate the role of central nervous system opiate receptors in the cardiovascular depression of canine hemorrhagic and endotoxic shock. Shock was induced by bleeding dogs into a reservoir to achieve and maintain a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 45 mmHg for 30 min; at 30 min the reservoir was clamped and the animals were treated with intracerebroventricular (ICV) perfusion of naloxone 0.1 mg/kg (n = 5) or artificial CSF (n = 5) for 30 min. Endotoxemic shock was induced by the iv injection of E. coli endotoxin 1 mg/kg; 15 min later the animals were given naloxone 0.1 mg/kg (n = 5) or artificial CSF (n = 5) ICV for 30 min. ICV naloxone significantly increased MAP, cardiac output (CO), and left ventricular performance (LV dP/dt max) compared to artificial CSF in canine endotoxic shock but not hemorrhagic shock. Naloxone 0.1 mg/kg (n = 5) given into the cisterna magna failed to significantly improve MAP, CO, or LV dP/dt max in dogs subjected to reservoir hemorrhagic shock for 60 min compared to artificial CSF (n = 5). These results are compatible with opiate-receptor-mediated central cardiovascular depression in endotoxic shock and peripheral cardiovascular depression in hemorrhagic shock. Accordingly, the sites of action of naloxone are mainly central in endotoxic shock and peripheral in hemorrhagic shock.