Central haemodynamics at rest and during exercise before and after combined aortic and mitral valve replacement with the Björk-Shiley tilting disc valve prosthesis.

Abstract

Pre- and postoperative haemodynamics were compared in 36 patients with combined aortic and mitral valvular disease. These patients suffered from markedly restricted cardiac function in terms of cardiomegaly, low physical working capacity, hypokinetic central circulation and pulmonary hypertension. Valve replacement was performed with the Björk-Shiley Delrin disc (10) and pyrolytic carbon disc (26) prostheses and followed by subjective improvement in the majority of patients. Heart volume decreased and working capacity increased in average significantly, but were not restored to normal. The main response to surgery was a shift towards a normokinetic circulation, although many patients remained hypokinetic. There was also regression of pulmonary hypertension as a result of reduced left atrial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. In spite of a significant decrease in left atrial mean pressure, it remained elevated with prominent v-waves in many patients, particularly during exercise. Marked v-waves in the right atrial pressure curves were also noted in one third of the patients. Only one patient, however, suffered from clinically manifested tricuspid incompetence. This study shows the benefits of combined aortic and mitral valve replacement, even in patients with longterm haemodynamic burden on the myocardium. Although the central haemodynamics were almost normalized at rest, abnormal responses persisted during exercise.