Central giant cell granuloma of the mandibular condyle: a case report and review of the literature

Abstract

Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a benign intraosseous lesion. The true nature of this lesion is controversial and remains unknown; the three competing theories are that it could be a reactive lesion, a developmental anomaly or a benign neoplasm. Furthermore, the actual aetiology of CGCG is still unclear, although inflammation, haemorrhage and local trauma have all been suggested; it has also been hypothesized that CGCG may have a genetic aetiology. Lesions central to the mandibular condylar head are very rare, with only three documented cases in the English language literature, none of which elaborates on the CT features. In this case report, a 31-year-old male patient complaining of a left pre-auricular mass underwent radiographic investigation. CT images revealed a lesion central to the mandibular condyle and demonstrated features that were highly suggestive of CGCG. The patient underwent surgical curettage, and the subsequent histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of CGCG. 3 years after the procedure the patient presented with a recurrence and underwent complete resection of the mandibular condyle with immediate reconstruction. This report presents CT characteristics of a rare occurrence of CGCG of the mandibular condyle, compares it with other published cases and poses the question of the role of radiology in predicting the degree of aggressive behaviour of these lesions before surgery.