Abstract
A simple benzoylation procedure was optimized for the biogenic amines derivatization prior to high-performance liquid chromatography determination. The significant factors affecting biogenic amine benzoylation yield were optimized by central composite design (CCD). The obtained optimal conditions resulted in a chromatographic peaks area increase with fewer interferences. Moreover, the efficiency parameters for chromatographic separation of putrescine, histamine and tyramine were determined under optimum operating conditions, which included: capacity factors or retention (k’) = 2.5-4.2, selectivity factors (α) > 1 and resolution values (Rs) > 1.5, indicating that the column provided good separation of the analytes. The optimized method was applied in spiked fish samples with standard solutions of putrescine, histamine and tyramine at concentrations of 50, 80 and 50 mg L-1, respectively, to achieve recovery rates in a range from 90.89 to 96.65% for putrescine; 93.36 to 95.87% for histamine; 86.57 to 93.33% for tyramine, with the relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 4%.
Highlights
Fish farming has had gradual growth in the Department of Nariño, and the conditions for farming development are limited due to poor control of environmental and sanitation conditions in the production chain processes
The analytical methodology developed was optimized by experimental design using multiple response analysis with statistical software Statgraphics Centurion XV‐15.2.06
The optimal conditions of the model include a temperature of 30 °C, a wavelength of 230 nm and a flow of 0.8 mL min- 1
Summary
Fish farming has had gradual growth in the Department of Nariño, and the conditions for farming development are limited due to poor control of environmental and sanitation conditions in the production chain processes. These limitations, together with the susceptibility of aquaculture products to microbial attack (due to its high content of water and protein) facilitate the decomposition of the species postmortem, and give rise to the toxins formation called biogenic amines (BAs), which constitute a high risk for consumers’ health. The first colorimetric methods published by the AOAC4 were based on the histamine extraction with methanol and the subsequent reaction of the histamine with ninhydrin for quantification.
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