Central composite design for the removal of copper by an Adansonia digitata

Abstract

Biosorption, an alternative to traditional methods such as precipitation, ion exchange, electrochemical treatment, and evaporative recovery, is being considered as a potential means for removing heavy toxic metals from waste solution. This method is especially effective when the concentration of the heavy metal ion is low. A central composite design (CCD) was used in this study to maximize copper removal utilizing Adansonia digitata (baobab) as a biosorbent. Using response surface approach, the impacts of initial copper content, biosorbent dose, Temperature and pH were examined. The CCD enabled the discovery of optimal copper removal conditions. The percentage of metal clearance (CCD) was examined as a result of the influence of various process parameters utilizing a central composite design. A quadratic model based on the CCD was used to model the reaction. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) identified the most significant experimental design response factor. The optimal circumstances for Adansonia digitata (baobab) were pH of 7.1, bio sorbent dose of 0.3 g, beginning copper content of 48.4 mg/L, Temperature 390 C and metal removal of 84.26%. Under these optimal conditions, the experimental biosorption percentage was 76.93. The findings suggest that Adansonia digitata has the capacity to efficiently remove copper from aqueous solutions. This study adds to our understanding of the use of natural materials for heavy metal cleanup.