Central command blunts sensitivity of arterial baroreceptor-heart rate reflex at onset of voluntary static exercise

Abstract

We have reported that baroreflex bradycardia by stimulation of the aortic depressor nerve is blunted at the onset of voluntary static exercise in conscious cats. Central command may contribute to the blunted bradycardia, because the most blunted bradycardia occurs immediately before exercise or when a forelimb is extended before force development. However, it remained unknown whether the blunted bradycardia is due to either reduced sensitivity of the baroreflex stimulus-response curve or resetting of the curve toward a higher blood pressure. To determine this, we examined the stimulus-response relationship between systolic (SAP) or mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) at the onset of and during the later period of static exercise in seven cats (n = 348 trials) by changing arterial pressure with infusion of nitroprusside and phenylephrine or norepinephrine. The slope of the MAP-HR curve decreased at the onset of exercise to 48% of the preexercise value (2.9 +/- 0.4 beats x min(-1) x mmHg(-1)); the slope of the SAP-HR curve decreased to 59%. The threshold blood pressures of the stimulus-response curves, at which HR started to fall due to arterial baroreflex, were not affected. In contrast, the slopes of the stimulus-response curves during the later period of exercise returned near the preexercise levels, whereas the threshold blood pressures elevated 6-8 mmHg. The maximal plateau level of HR was not different before and during static exercise, denying an upward shift of the baroreflex stimulus-response curves. Thus central command is likely to attenuate sensitivity of the cardiac component of arterial baroreflex at the onset of voluntary static exercise without shifting the stimulus-response curve.