Central collector solar energy receivers

Abstract

Central receivers for use with power-generating equipment require compact boiler and superheater designs to effectively concentrate the solar heat input and to improve system power cycle efficiency. Solar thermal collectors employ a central receiver that must be compact to effectively utilize the high concentration ratios of sunlight energy. The demonstration of lightweight, long-life receiver designs is a technology issue that must be resolved if the concept is to be attractive for power generation. The receiver must be lightweight to minimize the cost of the supporting tower structure. Current applied aerospace technology in compact steam boilers and rocket thrust chamber designs can be directly applied to the design and fabrication of solar central receivers. This technology recently has been applied to a compact steam generator that uses liquid oxygen and natural gas, propane or fuel oil. The compact steam generator permits a 300:1 size reduction in boiler and superheater size. This paper discusses the application of the compact steam generator technology to the design and fabrication of central receivers for solar-energy-powered electrical powerplants. Receiver designs are discussed for tower-mounted applications where size and weight are important. The heat flux rates necessary for central solar receivers are nearly identical to the design hear fluxes for the compact steam generator. Fabrication of the central receiver is discussed as well as design details and applicable materials.