Abstract
Background: Centeredness Theory (CT) is proposed as a new mental health paradigm that focuses on well-being at a systems-level, across the core life domains of the self, the family unit, relationships, community, and work. The current studies aimed to validate the psychometric properties of a new scale that measures CT against existing well-being and mental health measures.Methods: Study 1 included 488 anonymous online respondents (46% females, 28% males, 25% unknown with median age between 31 and 35 years) across 38 countries who completed the CT scale. Study 2 included 49 first-year psychology students (90% females, mean age of 19 years) from Sydney Australia that completed the CT scale and other well-being and mental health questionnaires at baseline and 2-weeks follow-up.Results: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses resulted in a refined 60-item CT scale with five domains, each with four sub-domains. The CT scale demonstrated good internal consistency reliability and test-retest reliability, and showed evidence of convergent validity against other well-being measures (e.g., COMPAS-W Wellbeing Scale, SWLS scale, and Ryff's Psychological Well-being scale).Conclusions: The CT scale appears to be a reliable measure of well-being at a systems-level. Future studies need to confirm these findings in larger heterogeneous samples.
Highlights
A shift is underway in psychiatric research to understand mental health and well-being as more than just the risk factors for mental illness alone (Maddux, 2008)
Composite well-being, as the name intimates, views subjective well-being and psychological well-being as conceptually related but distinct streams of positive psychological functioning, and accumulating evidence highlights the merits in measuring both components using composite indices such as the Mental Health Continuum (MHC-LF) (Keyes, 2007) or the COMPASW Wellbeing Scale (Gatt et al, 2014)
The results indicated that a four factor solution within each domain provided the clearest structure, with the minimal optimal solution consisting of 60 items (12 per domain and 3 per sub-domain)
Summary
A shift is underway in psychiatric research to understand mental health and well-being as more than just the risk factors for mental illness alone (Maddux, 2008). Composite well-being, as the name intimates, views subjective well-being and psychological well-being as conceptually related but distinct streams of positive psychological functioning, and accumulating evidence highlights the merits in measuring both components using composite indices such as the Mental Health Continuum (MHC-LF) (Keyes, 2007) or the COMPASW Wellbeing Scale (Gatt et al, 2014). Evidence from twin studies suggests that common genetic factors contribute to composite well-being and its subjective and psychological subcomponents (Keyes et al, 2010; Kendler et al, 2011; Gatt et al, 2014), and that measures of composite well-being are related but conceptually distinct from mental illness measures such as anxiety and depression symptoms (Routledge et al, 2016). The current studies aimed to validate the psychometric properties of a new scale that measures CT against existing well-being and mental health measures
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