Abstract
Centella asiatica ameliorates memory impairment and induces expression of hippocampal brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) in chronically stressed rats. The relationship between the anti-inflammatory effect of Centella asiatica on hippocampal BDNF and the involvement of sirtuin-1, a BDNF expression regulator, in neuroprotective mechanisms of Centella asiatica warrants an investigation. We investigated the effect of Centella asiatica ethanolic extracts (CA) on TNF-α, IL-10, and SIRT1 levels and whether these predicted BDNF expression in rat hippocampus after chronic stress. For the experiments, thirty male rats (Sprague Dawley) were divided into six groups: nonstressed-control, stressed-control, nonstressed +CA 300mg/kg/d, stressed +CA 150 mg/kg/d, stressed +CA 300 mg/kg/d, and stressed +CA 600 mg/kg/d. On day 28, rats were sacrificed and hippocampus was dissected out. Hippocampal TNF-α, IL-10, SIRT1, and BDNF were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hippocampal TNF-α level was significantly higher in the stressed-control compared to nonstressed-control groups. Across all stress conditions, rats receiving the highest dose of CA had the lowest mean TNF-α and highest mean BDNF. There were no significant differences in IL-10 and SIRT1 levels between groups. Hippocampal TNF-α did not predict hippocampal BDNF in a regression analysis. In conclusion, lower TNF-α and higher BDNF in the hippocampus support the hypothesis that these factors independently contribute to Centella asiatica's neuroprotective effect in chronically stressed rats.
Highlights
Centella asiatica (L.) urban, known as Pegagan in Indonesia, is a medicinal plant of the Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) family, widely grown in Asian countries as well as in South Africa and Eastern Europe [1]
This study aimed to investigate the effect of Centella asiatica ethanolic extracts (CA) on hippocampal tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 10 (IL-10), and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) as well as their possible involvement in inducing hippocampal brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentration in rat model of chronic stress
The group receiving the highest dose of CA (Group F; 5.70 (95%CI 5.40;6.00) had the lowest concentration of hippocampal TNF-α compared to other groups receiving stress, and this was significantly lower than the stressed-control group
Summary
Centella asiatica (L.) urban, known as Pegagan in Indonesia, is a medicinal plant of the Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) family, widely grown in Asian countries as well as in South Africa and Eastern Europe [1]. This medicinal plant has primary active compounds in saponin (triterpenoid) forms, such as asiaticocide, asiatic acid, madecassoside, and muriatic acid [1]. We reported that C. asiatica leaf ethanolic extract (CA) prevents the decrease of hippocampal brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) concentration in hippocampus upon chronic stress [7]. Luo et al reported upregulation of hippocampal BDNF in chronic
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