Abstract
Compatibility, a critical issue between sensing material and host structure, significantly influences the detecting performance (e.g., sensitive, signal-to-noise ratio) of the embedded sensor. To address this issue in concrete-based infrastructural health monitoring, cement-based piezoelectric composites (piezoelectric ceramic particles as a function phase and cementitious materials as a matrix) have attracted continuous attention in the past two decades, dramatically exhibiting superior durability, sensitivity, and compatibility. This review paper performs a synthetical overview of recent advances in theoretical analysis, characterization and simulation, materials selection, the fabrication process, and application of the cement-based piezoelectric composites. The critical issues of each part are also presented. The influencing factors of the materials and fabrication process on the final performance of composites are further discussed. Meanwhile, the application of the composite as a sensing element for various monitoring techniques is summarized. Further study on the experiment and simulation, materials, fabrication technique, and application are also pointed out purposefully.
Highlights
Kantakam et al [78] characterized the dielectric properties of the geopolymerbased composites, revealing that the increase of the ceramic particle content will lead to the decrease of ε r, but ε r is always greater than 1000, which may attribute to the influence of a particular matrix
The chemical reaction between the piezoelectric ceramic and cement matrix may occur in their ITZ, and the stress buffer [43] in ITZ leads to a low local piezoelectric strain factor
Preparation parameters have a profound impact on cement-based piezoelectric composites (CPCs), and those parameters can be considered based on the properties of the materials, there are still some issues that can adversely impact the final performance
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Most serious durability and safety issues for concrete-based infrastructure are usually the cumulative consequence induced by the service environment [18,19], aging [20], and self-defects [21]. Our main objective in this review is to recapitulate the previous studies related to CPCs and discuss the influence of raw materials and the main problems in fabrication, thereby promoting advanced piezoelectric composite design, fabrication, and application. To clarify the influencing factors of the composite materials, theories and fundamentals, experimental and modeling analysis, raw materials, the fabrication process, and application are presented in different sections. At the end of each section, insightful viewpoints and prospective studies on the composite will be provided
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