Cement in revision arthroplasty-what about the "glacier effect"? : Case studies viewed from different perspectives

Abstract

The number of operations concerning revision arthroplasty has been increasing continuously in recent years, and it can be assumed that they will continue to increase in the future. If an arthroplasty implant becomes loose, it must be changed. The question often arises as to how the new implant should be fixed in the bone. Revision implants can be inserted into the bone without cement. In the subsequent period, asecondary osseointegration of the implant takes place. Another possibility is to anchor the implant by using bone cement. The advantage of cemented anchorage is that the implant is firmly fixed in the bone, in principle, immediately, and it is possible to fully load the implant directly. Direct postoperative full weight bearing is helpful, especially for older and multimorbid patients, in order to achieve rapid mobilization. When using cement in revision cases, however, there are afew prerequisites and challenges that the surgeon should definitely take into account. In the case of revision, the bone in the former implant bed is often deficient and appears thinned and sclerosed. It is, therefore, important to analyze the bone quality preoperatively on radiographic images and to include it in the planning of the anchoring strategy. In addition, the individual bone quality of the patient must also be taken into account intraoperatively. In any case, it must be clarified whether the basic prerequisites for the sufficient bond strength of the cement with the bone to be formed can still be met. Furthermore, the principles of cementing technique must be strictly observed, and the goal of aperfect cement mantle must be aimed for. If the indication for this is overstated, early loosening of the cemented revision arthroplasty is very likely.