Abstract
The interest in designing new environmentally friendly materials has led to the development of biodegradable foams as a potential substitute to most currently used fossil fuel–derived polymer foams. Despite the possibility of developing biodegradable and environmentally friendly polymer foams, the challenge of foaming biopolymers still persists as they have very low melt strength and viscosity as well as low crystallisation kinetics. Studies have shown that the incorporation of cellulose nanostructure (CN) particles into biopolymers can enhance the foamability of these materials. In addition, the final properties and performance of the foamed products can be improved with the addition of these nanoparticles. They not only aid in foamability but also act as nucleating agents by controlling the morphological properties of the foamed material. Here, we provide a critical and accessible overview of the influence of CN particles on the properties of biodegradable foams; in particular, their rheological, thermal, mechanical, and flammability and thermal insulating properties and biodegradability.
Highlights
Biodegradable polymers have gained enormous attention in both academia and industry over the past decades and are still of immense interest
The results indicated an increase in the contact angle of the the contact angle measurements were carried out to examine the polarity polar medium from 44.7 to 78.0, suggesting a high degree of acetylated CNCs (ACNCs) hydrophobicity, and a of the acetylated resultssolvent indicated an increase in the contact the polar decrease in the contact of the The non-polar
Because of the issues associated with the non-environmental friendliness and biodegradability of most widely used conventional polymers, it is necessary to develop materials that are compatible with the environment
Summary
Biodegradable polymers have gained enormous attention in both academia and industry over the past decades and are still of immense interest. The incorporation of nanofiller materials is of another alternative tonanocomposites improve the nanostructure (CN) materials, are suitable for in thebiopolymers development biopolymer-based low melt strength andofviscosity and, ,high enhance foaming [1,14,15,16,17]. CN particles biopolymer-based because of their low high aspect large act as nucleating nanocomposites agents to enhanceand the foams formation of nucleation sitesdensity, and, control theratio, morphology surface non-toxicity, and, importantly, biodegradability and environmental friendliness of thearea, foams. CN particles act as nucleating agents to enhance the formation of nucleation sites and, control the morphology of the foams They contribute to other foam properties, such as mechanical and thermal stability, due to enhanced crystallinity of the material.
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