Cellulose nanoproducts isolated from lignocellulosic materials using DES-like mixtures – A minireview: State-of-the-art 2023

Abstract

Separation of different components of biomass before modification is necessary for efficient and more extensive use of biomass. Lignocellulosic materials or lignocelluloses can be transformed into various resources based on biological compounds after the process of removing unwanted impurities from biomass. Nanocellulose as a type of cellulosic material has the renewable and nontoxic properties of cellulose, environmental benefits, and is readily available in nature with a unique morphology of nanostructures. Deep eutectic solvents-like mixtures (DES-like mixtures) are among the acceptable solvent systems for the solubilization of cellulose and because of their favorable properties, they belong to the popular field of polysaccharide processing research in recent times. This overview summarizes the use of solvent systems (DES-like mixtures) in the modification and isolation of cellulose and the production of cellulose nanoproducts from different types of biomass. DES-like mixtures have been shown to be effective agents for the pretreatment and production of value-added cellulose nanoproducts, and these nanoproducts can be isolated from available and renewable raw materials. DES-like mixtures have the potential to weaken hydrogen bonding interactions and crystal structure by removing hemicelluloses and lignin. DES-like mixtures represent a green and ecological method for the isolation of cellulose from biomass with interesting chemical and mechanical properties.