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Abstract
The present study aimed to develop and optimize a method to obtain cellulose nanocrystals from the agricultural by‐products rice husk and straw and to evaluate their electrostructural modifications in the presence of metallic ions. First, different particle formation conditions and routes were tested and analyzed by spectrophotometry, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Zeta potential measurements. Then, electrostructural effects of ions Na(I), Cd(II), and Al(III) on the optimized nanoparticles were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrical conductivity (EC) assessments. The produced cellulose nanocrystals adopted a rod‐like shape. AFM height distribution and EC data indicated that the nanocrystals have more affinity in binding with Na(I) > Al(III) > Cd(II). These data suggest that the use of these cellulose nanocrystals in the bioremediation field is promising, both in metal sorption from wastewater and as an alternative for water desalination.
Highlights
The use of agricultural by-products as sources of nanostructured compounds has been a subject of nanotechnological interest
The present study presents a novel top-down approach for producing cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) out of rice husk and straw through a one-pot synthesis, using hydrolysis at low sulphuric acid concentration and high temperature/pressure, and further evaluating their electrostructural modifications in the presence of metallic ions, aiming to access metal binding for possible use in bioremediation field
Rice straw mixed with rice husk (60 g) was extensively washed with distilled water followed by two cycles of ethanol washing (1 : 1 v/v) under agitation for 20 min and three cycles of ultrapure water washing for 15 min under mild magnetic stirring
Summary
The use of agricultural by-products as sources of nanostructured compounds has been a subject of nanotechnological interest. The present study presents a novel top-down approach for producing CNCs out of rice husk and straw through a one-pot synthesis, using hydrolysis at low sulphuric acid concentration and high temperature/pressure, and further evaluating their electrostructural modifications in the presence of metallic ions, aiming to access metal binding for possible use in bioremediation field. In order to optimize CNCs formation from the hydrolyzed rice by-products suspension, different reagents and pHs were tested and analyzed through the Vis-absorbance spectrophotometry method to obtain ideal reagents concentration and pH. Along with these data, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Zeta potential measurements were used to verify which formulation resulted in a stable CNC colloidal suspension. Electrical conductivity (EC) of the CNC suspensions was evaluated in the presence or absence of the metal ions solution in order to determine the possible electrical behaviour changes and estimate the metal binding
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