Abstract
With the growth of global fossil-based resource consumption and the environmental concern, there is an urgent need to develop sustainable and environmentally friendly materials, which exhibit promising properties and could maintain an acceptable level of performance to substitute the petroleum-based ones. As elite nanomaterials, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) derived from natural renewable resources, exhibit excellent physicochemical properties, biodegradability and biocompatibility and have attracted tremendous interest nowadays. Their combination with other nanomaterials such as graphene-based materials (GNM) has been revealed to be useful and generated new hybrid materials with fascinating physicochemical characteristics and performances. In this context, the review presented herein describes the quickly growing field of a new emerging generation of CNC/GNM hybrids, with a focus on strategies for their preparation and most relevant achievements. These hybrids showed great promise in a wide range of applications such as separation, energy storage, electronic, optic, biomedical, catalysis and food packaging. Some basic concepts and general background on the preparation of CNC and GNM as well as their key features are provided ahead.
Highlights
The excessive consumption of fossil-based resources and resulting environmental problems issues coupled with the constancy growing global population requests the improvement of living standard and accelerating technology development
An interesting review has been recently published by Charreau et al dealing with the analysis of the evolution of patents involving nanocellulose since 2010 [23], demonstrating the increasing industrial interest in the this, which enabled the setting-up of the first facilities producing commercial quantities of NC
The combination of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and nanocarbons, such as fullerenes, nanotubes, nanodiamonds and graphene-based materials, has recently emerged as a new class of hybrid materials for which a synergetic effect has been revealed in a wide range of applications, spanning from sensing and biosensing to catalysis, photonics and optics, energy and environment, water treatment, medical and optoelectronics
Summary
The excessive consumption of fossil-based resources and resulting environmental problems issues coupled with the constancy growing global population requests the improvement of living standard and accelerating technology development. The combination of CNC and nanocarbons, such as fullerenes, nanotubes (single-walled, doublewalled, few-walled or multi-walled), nanodiamonds and graphene-based materials (graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene quantum dots), has recently emerged as a new class of hybrid materials for which a synergetic effect has been revealed in a wide range of applications, spanning from sensing and biosensing to catalysis, photonics and optics, energy and environment, water treatment, medical and optoelectronics Other nanocarbons such as carbon black, activated carbon, carbon quantum dots and carbon nanofibers are less frequently used as CN-based hybrids [12,20,40,41,42,43]. Owing to the benefits of CNC and GNM materials as well as the numerous research works published during the last few years worldwide, a timely update on recent advancements in the field of CNC/GNM hybrid-based materials is an urgent need for both academic and industrial scientists In this overview, we thoroughly review the recent progress made in the preparation, modification, properties and current applications of CNC/GNM hybrids in various fields. Few articles before 2015 are succinctly summarized in some sections
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