Cellulolytic activity of leached black earth for no-till in connection with the question of winter wheat diseases

Abstract

The technology of soil cultivation, which forms the indices of soil density and the content of productive moisture, affect the cellulolytic activity of the soil. There are presented the results of studies on the evaluation of the cellulolytic activity of the arable layer for the mini-till and no-till and its influence on the development of winter wheat diseases on leached black earth in the conditions of Central Ciscaucasia. The advantage of mini-till in the level of cellulolytic activity of the soil was established, which amounted to 44.2%. Probably, the adaptation of the biological fraction of the soil to new conditions has not yet been completed in conditions of the introduction of no-till: when there is a sufficient level of moistening in leached black earth, subject to the processes of soil consolidation, there is a lack of oxygen, which reduces the activity of microbiological processes in the soil. In turn, there are differences in the phytosanitary condition and productivity of winter wheat. For the no-till the development of Pyrenophora spp. and Septoria spp. is 1.6-2 times higher than the values of these parameters in the control (mini-till). Average for 2012-2015 the productivity of winter wheat for the mini-till was 3.64 tons per hectare against 2.73 tons per hectare for the no-till. The direct correlation between the level of cellulolytic activity and the development of root rot was not established (the correlation factor = 0.081-0.088).