Cellulase Enzyme Production From Rice Straw Using Solid State Fermentation and Fungi Aspergillus niger ITBCC L74

M.T Phong,A.C Kumoro,W.R.W Daud,M.A Hussain,X Rong,Siti Maftukhah,S.A Roces,Abdullah Abdullah,A.W Lothongkum,Hadiyanto Hadiyanto,L Yung,P.T.S Nam

doi:10.1051/matecconf/201815601010

Abstract

Rice straw is one of very abundant waste of agricultural and has not utilized maximally. This waste contain cellulose and potential in the manufacture of cellulase enzymes. Research on the production of cellulase enzyme from lignocellulose has been done a lot of enzyme activity is still low. This research using cellulose is 71.95% and conducted with 6 stages. First, the preparation of raw material. Second, the decrease of lignin content with alkali pretreatment. Third, the breeding of fungiAspergillus nigerITBCC L74 . Fourth, incubation in the inoculum. Fifth, the production of cellulase enzyme by solid fermentation method. Finally, the analysis includes protein content, enzyme activity, enzyme characterization and kinetics of enzymatic reactions. The highest enzyme activity of this study is 3.12 U/ml and protein content is 0.34 mg/ml with fermentation time is 4 day and water content is 75%. In enzyme characterization obtained optimum pH and temperature are 4 and 60°C, respectively. And obtained paramatic kinetic are Vmaxand Kmfor 40, 50, 60 and 70°C temperature are Vmax: 6.42; 4.7; 5.82 and 4.46 U/ml and Km: 1.32; 0.38; 0.32; and 0.12%, respectively.

Highlights

One of the most abundant agricultural residues available in the world is rice straw
For that needed a renewable energy source from biomass that environmentally friendly [22]. One of it is the biofuel production from lignocelluloses through hydrolysis and enzymatic fermentation processes, example bioethanol that can use enzymes from fungi that produce glucose, followed by fermentation of glucose into ethanol [9]
Cellulose and hemicellulose are carbohydrate structures in rice straw that can be depolymerized by enzymatic hydrolysis to glucose [17]

Summary

Introduction

One of the most abundant agricultural residues available in the world is rice straw. And usully the word produced rice straw are731 million tons, consists of Africa: 20.9 million tons, Asia: 667.6 million tons, Europe: 3.9 million tons, America: 37.2 million tons and Oceania: 1.7 million tons [1] and overall in the word, rice straw production of 650-975 tons per year [2]. According to data from BPS in 2016 [3], rice production is 75.36 million tons of dried unhulled rice so the potential of rice straw in Indonesia is about 105.80 million tons [20]. Fuels of fossil is not environmentally friendly because produce a lot of pollution. For that needed a renewable energy source from biomass that environmentally friendly [22]. One of it is the biofuel production from lignocelluloses through hydrolysis and enzymatic fermentation processes, example bioethanol that can use enzymes from fungi that produce glucose, followed by fermentation of glucose into ethanol [9]

Objectives

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Conclusion