Cellularity and fibrin mesh properties as a basis for ultrasonic tissue characterization of blood clots and thrombi

Abstract

This in vitro study was designed to evaluate the ability of ultrasonic tissue characterization (UTC) based on power spectrum analysis of backscattered radio-frequency echo signals to distinguish two prominent variables of thrombi: cellularity (primarily red cell content) and fibrin-mesh density. Six types of clots simulating thrombus components were prepared by varying red-cell and platelet concentrations and shear forces during clotting. Data were acquired with a linear-array transducer, digitized, and analyzed in terms of slope and intercept parameters obtained from normalized power spectra of radio-frequency echo signals. Increased cellularity and fibrin-mesh density both produced lower slope and higher intercept values, which permitted statistically significant discrimination of cellularity and mesh density in the six types of clots analyzed. Shearing forces and (to a lesser degree) platelet concentrations increased fibrin-mesh density. This study suggests that UTC based upon the power spectrum of echo signals may be used to detect and follow compositional differences that have clinical relevance in the diagnosis and follow-up of thrombi.