Abstract
The mechanisms of the phototoxic effect of anticancer porphyrins used in the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of tumours are not yet completely understood. Irradiation of porphyrins gives rise to singlet oxygen which reacts with key residues of proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol in membranes, leading to inactivation of various enzymes and transporters. Lipoproteins, mainly low density lipoproteins (LDL), are efficient carriers of anticancer porphyrins in blood and can deliver these photosensitizers to tissues through the apolipoprotein (apo) B/E specific LDL receptor pathway. In this review, we discuss some aspects of anticancer porphyrin transport, cellular uptake and photosensitizing properties in cell membranes and lipoproteins.
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