Abstract
Device-to-device (D2D) communication is a promising option for the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication network to reduce energy consumption and increase throughput, which makes high throughput applications possible. Also, the improvement for energy and spectrum efficiency is critical in such applications. Without occupation of cellular spectrum resources, outband D2D communication is increasingly applied to high throughput applications to increase spectrum supply. However, energy efficiency is still a key issue that needs to be addressed. Moreover, the overall energy efficiency in cellular networks is severely limited by cell-edge devices. Therefore, in this paper, we apply multi-hop relay-aided outband D2D communication to cellular networks and propose a game-based power adjustment method to address throughput optimization problem. Firstly, we model an interaction relationship of power adjustment for each transmission path as a potential game, where a new utility function is designed for each player (i.e., the receiving end of a transmission path) to evaluate its action gain and to determine whether taking action or not. And then, it is proved that the utility function is an ordinal potential function (OPF) and the game of power adjustment is an ordinal potential game (OPG), which guarantees the convergence of game decision process. Moreover, we propose a new game decision algorithm, which has quicker convergence speed than the existing typical algorithm. In addition, we design a network-assisted distributed processing architecture for solving throughput optimization problem, including receiving mode selection, verification for relay selection, and transmission power adjustment, which can ease the burden of centralized processing. The experimental results show that our scheme is superior to the existing typical work in terms of throughput, delay, energy efficiency, continuous service ability, and convergence performance.
Highlights
Internet traffic has witnessed an unprecedented growth because of high throughput applications, including data intensive and content-rich applications
In Transmission Power Adjustment (TPA) stage, with the aid of the Evolved node B (eNB), and based on the potential game scheme proposed in Subsection 3.3 and proved in Subsection 3.4, each receiving user equipment (UE) independently adjusts the powers of the transmitting ends on its data receiving path
5 Conclusions In this paper, we explore throughput optimization problem by applying a multi-hop relay-aided outband Device-todevice communication (D2D) communication to future cellular networks and employing a potential game-based tool for designing power adjustment method and propose a network-assisted distributed processing architecture for solving the above optimization problem, which consists of the three cascaded stages related to receiving mode selection, verification for relay selection, and transmission power adjustment
Summary
Internet traffic has witnessed an unprecedented growth because of high throughput applications, including data intensive and content-rich applications (e.g., virtual reality, video streaming, content sharing, and online game). The literature [34] explores how outband D2D communication is used to improve uplink throughput in cellular networks, while the literature [35] establishes outband D2D links by combining multiuser with opportunistic use of WiFi bands These schemes can improve both data rate for cell-edge devices and overall throughput for systems, but they hardly consider the quality of service (QoS) constraint of outband D2D relay selection. 3.2 Problem formulation We propose an optimizing model to improve downlink throughput for the scenario in Fig. 1 by performing receiving mode selection and determining the number of relays under both delay constraint and remaining energy constraint. The literature [47] considers a distributed power adjustment for the similar downlink throughput model to that proposed in Subsection 3.2, but it aims at effectively controlling co-channel interference in underlay inband D2D mode. T denotes the total potential throughput of all the transmission paths from the eNB to each receiving UE in the whole network, while P denotes the sum of transmitting powers of these transmission paths, which is computed as follows: 8X
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