Abstract
Appropriate surface wettability and roughness of biomaterials is an important factor in cell attachment and proliferation. In this study, we investigated the correlation between surface wettability and roughness, and biological response in human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs). We prepared wettable and rough gradient polyethylene (PE) surfaces by increasing the power of a radio frequency corona discharge apparatus with knife-type electrodes over a moving sample bed. The PE changed gradually from hydrophobic and smooth surfaces to hydrophilic (water contact angle, 90º to ~50º) and rough (80 to ~120 nm) surfaces as the power increased. We found that hADSCs adhered better to highly hydrophilic and rough surfaces and showed broadly stretched morphology compared with that on hydrophobic and smooth surfaces. The proliferation of hADSCs on hydrophilic and rough surfaces was also higher than that on hydrophobic and smooth surfaces. Furthermore, integrin beta 1 gene expression, an indicator of attachment, and heat shock protein 70 gene expression were high on hydrophobic and smooth surfaces. These results indicate that the cellular behavior of hADSCs on gradient surface depends on surface properties, wettability and roughness.
Highlights
The goal of tissue engineering is to repair damaged tissues and replace injured body parts [1,2,3].Scaffolding plays the most central role in these treatments because most of the transplanted cells are anchor dependent and most biological reactions take place on surfaces [4,5,6,7,8,9]
To investigate the cellular behavior of Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) on gradient surfaces, a PE sheet was exposed to an radio frequency (RF) corona discharge apparatus with increasing power, which provided various oxygen-based polar functional groups such as hydroxyl group, ether, ketone, aldehyde, carboxylic acid, and carboxylic ester, and gradient concentration change of functional group on PE surface [17,18,19,20,21]
Surface topography was changed from 85 to 120 nm by corona discharge treatment (Figures 1b and 2). These results indicate that the PE surface gained more hydrophilic and rough properties after gradual exposure to the corona discharge treatment
Summary
Scaffolding plays the most central role in these treatments because most of the transplanted cells are anchor dependent and most biological reactions take place on surfaces [4,5,6,7,8,9]. A basic understanding of the interactions between cells and scaffold surfaces is important for the design of implantable scaffolds. Studies examining these interactions must be conducted. Determining how to modify scaffold surfaces in the construction of implantable scaffolds is important. Many surface modification techniques are available, including chemical modification with engrafted functional groups, physical modification with low-temperature plasma ion injection, and corona discharge [10,11]
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