Abstract
This work proposes an adaptive recommendation mechanism for smart parking that takes advantage of the popularity of smartphones and the rise of the Internet of Things. The proposal includes a centralized system to forecast available indoor parking spaces, and a low-cost mobile application to obtain data of actual and predicted parking occupancy. The described scheme uses data from both sources bidirectionally so that the centralized forecast system is fed with data obtained with the distributed system based on smartphones, and vice versa. The mobile application uses different wireless technologies to provide the forecast system with actual parking data and receive from the system useful recommendations about where to park. Thus, the proposal can be used by any driver to easily find available parking spaces in indoor facilities. The client software developed for smartphones is a lightweight Android application that supplies precise indoor positioning systems based on Quick Response codes or Near Field Communication tags, and semi-precise indoor positioning systems based on Bluetooth Low Energy beacons. The performance of the proposed approach has been evaluated by conducting computer simulations and real experimentation with a preliminary implementation. The results have shown the strengths of the proposal in the reduction of the time and energy costs to find available parking spaces.
Highlights
The growing number of vehicles on the road in recent years has resulted in a general lack of parking availability
Such a paper is based on the information sent from the on-board devices on the cars via a WLAN. Because it assumes that the parking facility provides WLAN access to the cars. It defines different parking zones, assigns probabilities to find available spaces in each area, uses a graph to represent the parking facility, and assumes that drivers park at any available parking space they find
A wider analysis has been done through simulations using the CA-based algorithm and a beta mobile application in indoor smart parking environments, where Matlab was used with more than 100 simulations in several scenarios in parking facilities ranging from 50 to 2000 parking spaces and from one to 10 Point Of Exit (POE)
Summary
The growing number of vehicles on the road in recent years has resulted in a general lack of parking availability. This paper proposes the use of wireless technologies of smartphones to develop a smart parking management system that can improve the usage of parking facilities and the user experience of drivers by simplifying the process of finding available parking. In some indoor parking facilities, a simple system is used that automatically detects the arrival and departure of vehicles through various sensors, in order to conclude whether there is still any available parking space, as well as to display global updated information on parking space occupancy Since this occupancy information is given to all drivers at the same time, it could produce new congestion because many drivers would drive to the same zones. This work ends with some conclusions and open problems
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